Conservation and the Galápagos Islands

The Galápagos Islands are known worldwide for their stunning beauty and environmental diversity. Due to their unique location, size, and home to plants and animals found anywhere else in the world, the islands are in need of environmental conservation and were recognized in 1978 as UNESCO World Heritage Site. As a result, tourist organizations are very careful not to harm the sensitive islands while visiting.

Here are some other interesting facts about the islands:

1. They are one of the few locations in the world that do not have and have never had an indigenous human population.


2. In 1959, about 1,500 souls called the islands home. By 2006, the population had ballooned to as many as 40,000.


3. Although there are eighteen main islands that make up the Galápagos Islands, only five are inhabited by people -- Baltra, Floreana, Isabela, San Cristobal, and Santa Cruz.


4. The islands have a healthy diverse plant and animal population, but have struggled to maintain them due to species that have been introduced by humans. 700 plants have been introduced by visitors since European discovery in 1535 - compared to the 500 native plants. As a result, there is competition between the two groups for survival.


5. The same can be said for animals - British pirates first released goats on the islands to use for food. Today, non-native animals still include goats, as well as pigs, dogs, rats, cats, mice, sheep, horses, donkeys, cows, poultry, ants, cockroaches, and some parasites. Dogs and cats may attack birds and damage their nests. Pigs can destroy the nests of tortoises, turtles, and iguanas.

The good news is there are many professionals keeping an eye on the environmental balance of the islands, including the Galapagos National Park and The Darwin Foundation. To help learn, study, and educate yourself about our world's oceans, we recommend the Smithsonian's own Ocean Portal, which includes tools for educators, amazing photo essays, and information on how you can make a difference in preserving these precious resources.

What would you do to conserve the Galápagos Islands? Share your ideas.

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